Calorie Definition in Chemistry

Calorie Definition in Chemistry A calorie  is a unit of energy, but whether or not the c in the word is capitalized matters. Heres what you need to know: Calorie Definition A calorie is a unit of thermal energy equal to 4.184 joules or the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of liquid water 1 °C at standard pressure. Sometimes a calorie (written with a lowercase c) is called a small calories or a gram calorie. The symbol for the calorie is cal. When the word Calorie is written with an uppercase C, it refers to the large calorie, food calorie, or kilogram calorie. The Calorie is 100 calories or the amount of thermal energy needed to heat one kilogram of water one degree Celsius. Calorie History Nicolas  Clà ©ment, a French chemist and physicist, first defined the calorie as a unit of heat or thermal energy in 1824. The word calorie comes from the Latin word calor, which means heat. The small calorie was defined in English and French dictionaries around 1841 to 1867. Wilbur Olin Atwater introduced the large calorie in 1887. Calorie Versus Joule The calorie is based on joules, grams, and degrees Celsius, so in a way its a metric unit, but the official unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI) is simply the joule. In the modern era, its more common to express thermal energy in terms of joules per kelvin per gram or kilogram. These values relate to the specific heat capacity of water. While the small calorie is still used sometimes in chemistry and the large calorie is used for food, joules (J) and kilojoules (kJ) are the preferred units.

Eugenics And A Brave New World Essays - Molecular Biology, Cloning

Eugenics And A Brave New World Essays - Molecular Biology, Cloning Eugenics And A Brave New World Eugenics. The word strikes fear in the hearts of many. Visions of Aldous Huxley's Brave New World, along with memories of Nazi experimentation and the Lynchburg sterilization colonies in the United States, cause many to dismiss the idea of cloning immediately. However, in reality, cloning has nothing to do with eugenics or genetic engineering. Cloning is the duplication of genetic material without any alteration. Germ line therapy, however, involves changing the material for a specific purpose. It does not make sense to combine the two processes for the sake of argument. What affect could cloning have on disease research? Cloning could be extremely valuable in studying the process of human development and disease influences this system. Scientists are already cloning genes to produce and test new drug products. Cloning animals (such as mice) could be used to produce knock-out specimens for testing. Not to say that we should produce knock-out humans, but isn't there a possibility that human cloning could actually help us find cures to a number of diseases? Could cloning be used to produce transplant organs or brain-dead clones for organ harvesting? Some claim that cloning would enable us to produce transplantable organs that would not be rejected by the recipient's body, since they would be produced from his own genetic material. This may be possible. However, there has not been enough research to confirm that rejection would not take place. There is also the problem of waiting for the organs to mature, which could take a number of years years which the patient may not have. As far as brain-dead clones for the same purpose, we are a long way away from ever achieving this task. Regardless, there is one thing to be careful of in both of these cases: protecting the rights of the clone. Just because the purpose of cloning someone is to take his organs does not mean you can take them without his consent. What is the difference between in-vitro fertilization and cloning? In-vitro fertilization (IVF) and cloning both involve implanting an embryo in a woman's womb. Time's Barbara Ehrenreich writes, any culture that encourages IVF has no right to complain about the market of embryos. The only difference between the two processes is that in cloning the embryo is genetically identical. And, in both cases, the method can greatly improve the chances of conception for the infertile couple. If a person supports IVF, why not support cloning as an option? Does society have a right or responsibility to restrict knowledge? The age old question of can we do it? versus should we do it?. By looking at its

No topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

No topic - Essay Example Other notable improvements were made in weapons of mass destruction that can destroy the whole world in a blink. The inventions in science and medicine were not left behind with many inventions ranging from the highly disputed technology of test tube babies to cloning dominating the field. This work will address the inventions made and how they impact on the daily lives of people to see whether they are drawing us closer to a simple living or complicating life more. Among the issues that have risen with the developments in technology are the ethical and moral issues in some methods that are in place. Others include the environmental concerns caused by the emissions made from the industries and radioactive isotopes. One of the hot debates that have risen is the controlling of the content that is exposed on the internet and the lack of age barrier that exposes people to some content that can negatively affect their upbringing. The se of the internet has come with uncountable benefits that include enhanced business and communication. However, with the same failing to address the concerns raised due to the content that is available online and that has facilitated moral decadence and erosion of the cultures that governed people’s living, it has become more of a worry than help. Among the issues that have been discussed include how the content that is made available can be stopped from reaching people of a certain age group that can be considered too young to be exposed to such experience. It is hardly possible to stop the young children from owning or using phones due to their increased ease of availability. This has made children dummies as they rarely take part in active participation in the society but they prefer being engrossed on their television screens or video games the whole day. This has highly affected the way they perceive things and their reasoning as they are used to living