Language development& early literacy in multilingual context Essay

Language development& early proficiency in multilingual setting - Essay Example In multilingual settings, the learning experience and procedure of the primary language fundamentally influences the obtaining of the second and other extra dialects (Robertson and Nunn 2006). Basing on this, this article attempts to feature the job of a youth professional in the learning procedure. It features the suitable arranging and execution of the learning procedure in such settings. This exposition clarifies the youth language learning process, along with the elements influencing language improvement. It likewise examines the current methodologies in youth language learning and gives ways that can be utilized to improve the procedure. Prior to composing this article, various moral issues and secrecy have been considered. The principal thing that has been considered is to give data that has no predisposition. This paper attempts to give practices and hypotheses that can be utilized everywhere throughout the world to better the learning procedure in youth learning focuses. Also, this exposition refers to all the sources from which the data utilized has been gotten. This will assist perusers with reading increasingly about the point in the event that they need more da ta (Wang 2011). Language advancement at an early age is a significant procedure and requirements sharp concern and backing. It frames the establishment on which future language learning and proficiency securing is assemble. The degree and simplicity with which kids get familiar with a language can likewise be an extraordinary indicator of future scholarly achievement and has some drawn out suggestions in the social and financial segments. This influences the turn of events and intelligence of people in a family and in the general public. Numerous things in the general public influence language learning at an early age. This is on the grounds that, during the learning procedure, a youngster consistently deciphers data from the earth and structures their own impression of what language is and of how to

Transracial Adoptions Essay Example For Students

Transracial Adoptions Essay iThesis: Transracial adoptees family circumstance influences numerous parts of the received child’s life, do these youngsters have character development challenges during youthfulness and are there any critical contrasts among adoptees and birth kids? B. Time of youngster at time of placementB. Time of youngster at time of position An IBeing brought into another family is just one of numerous impediments that lies ahead for the individuals who go into transracial reception. With the entirety of the data that is out there would new parents encourage others to seek after a transracial selection? (Simon, 3).Do youngsters who are received lose their social and racial personality, their racial mentalities, and their feeling of mindfulness about racial issues? Transracial appropriation have supporters and non-supporters with emotions that parent-youngster connections work best between natural â€Å"likes†, and fears that new parents can't love and sustain organic â€Å"unlik es† (Simon, 1). There has been a lot of research directed about adoptees and the issues they face with personality arrangement. Numerous scientists concede to a portion of the reasons for character development issues in juvenile adoptees, yet others have presumed that there is definitely not a huge contrast in personality arrangement in adoptees and birth kids. The accompanying paper will draw out a portion of the exploration discoveries, which have been led, and will at that point endeavor to respond to the accompanying inquiries: Do adoptees have personality development challenges during pre-adulthood, and on the off chance that they do, what are the causes? Has it been indicated that there is a huge contrast between character development of adoptees and birth youngsters? So as to discover the responses to these inquiries, taking a gander at the connection, advancement and character should be taken a gander at altogether.Of received kids tried, the National Adoption Center h as revealed that fifty-two percent of adoptable kids have emotional issues manifestations. There is uniqueness in being in a transracial-received individual. Most clear is that the youngsters experience childhood in a family in which they don't resemble their folks or different individuals from their family. An IITheir history is a piece of them for an amazing duration since it is so noticeably evident. The receptive family may disregard or put forth little attempt to consolidate into the family the social legacy of the received kid (Adamec,136). This choice to desert the way of life, outside the family, doesn't propose that the youngster is neither acknowledged nor adored or esteemed as their own. Be that as it may, when the supportive family additionally receives and grasps the social character of the childs birth culture, it advances the embraced kid as well as the whole family and more distant family also. Another factor is connection is the child’s age when they were emb raced. The more seasoned the kid when received, the danger of social maladjustment was seen as higher (Simon, 188). Most kids whenever embraced at more youthful ages have a superior opportunity to alteration ordinarily, than kids received beyond ten years old. A baby figures out how to confide in snappier, than a ten-year old youngster does, yet the entirety of this relies upon each case. Formative scholar Eric Erikson, talks about trust issues in his hypothesis of advancement. Eriksons first phase of improvement is â€Å"Trust versus Mistrust†, which states â€Å"if needs are constantly met, newborn children build up a feeling of fundamental trust† (Myers, 149). For an embraced youngster, putting the kid from the get-go in a key fixing to effective connection of kid to parent and the other way around (Cox, 1). Such a connection, which is solid among most of families all through the paper, is a significant forerunner to positive character and mental wellbeing, the two of which are ordinary among the young people. Connection can happen between new parents and their more seasoned kid, and it â€Å"usually is accepted that the holding procedure will require some serious energy and the more seasoned the youngster, the more extended the procedure will take† (Adamec, 60). This generally happens in the firstA IIIstage of Erikson’s formative stages, however with more seasoned youngsters, this can in any case occur, yet will fluctuate in the time it takes to connect among parent and kid. In spite of the fact that Erikson has eight phases of improvement, the one, which shapes a child’s character, is in the â€Å"Identity versus job confusion† stages (Myers, 149). In this stage, which is the child’s adolescent years into their twenties, â€Å"teenagers work at refining a feeling of self by testing jobs and incorporating them to shape a solitary personality, or they become confounded about their identity† ( Myers, 14 9). Embraced youngsters don't have an organic guide to follow, except if they keep a relationship with their natural family, and this can upset the character issue for youths. This is the place the connection to their new parents is so significant, so the youngster doesn't have any trust issues and they bond with their new parents all the more rapidly. With the entirety of the issues encompassing transracial reception, new parents need to comprehend, is that no everybody is appropriate for transracial adoptions.Families need to mind a lot about the legacy of the kid they are embracing. Adoptees ought to never need to pick between their ethnic legacy and the way of life of their new family, regardless of whether the kid is a baby at the hour of reception or a more established youngster. This turns out to be imperative to the â€Å"child the more established they become† (Cox, 1). The embraced youngster will have questions that will emerge, and â€Å"identity development can b e changed† or quit during this period in the child’s life, in the event that they can't discover the solutions to their inquiries (Simon, 169).As with numerous kids, the received kid may will in general embrace the character of their folks. All teenagers experience a phase of battling with their An IV character, pondering â€Å"how they fit in with their family, peers, and the remainder of the world (Horner, 83). During the phase of immaturity, youngsters look for their own identity,through connecting their present self-recognitions with their self-discernments from prior periods and with their social and organic legacy (Baran, 23).Children who are received, experience issues with this since they don't have all the data they need, as a rule, to build up a feeling of whom they are. Personality development can frequently be weakened by the absence of information the embraced youngster has of their past and legacy. Regularly a received kid laments, not just for the loss o f their introduction to the world guardians, yet in addition for the loss of part of themselves. The embraced kid is probably going to have a â€Å"increased enthusiasm for their introduction to the world parents†, which doesn't imply that they are dismissing their new parents (Simon, 169). Mental investigations have discovered that transracially embraced youngsters seem to deal with the personality issues, every single received kid face, better than most on the grounds that, scientists estimate, they can't profess to resemble every other person (Adopting Resources, 1). They manage appropriation issues before the tempestuous adolescent years. For a juvenile, finding a personality, while considering the two arrangements of guardians is a troublesome assignment. The adoptee wouldn't like to hurt or annoy his new parents, and he additionally wouldn't like to overlook what is thought about his natural roots. In the majority of the investigations, the analysts are in understanding around one truth; essential to the received youths character advancement is the information on the birth family and the conditions encompassing the selection. Without this data, the immature experiences issues choosing which family, birth or embraced, he looks like. A VDuring the quest for a personality in youth, the kid may confront a variety of issues including threatening vibe toward the new parents, dismissal of outrage toward the birth guardians, self-loathing, transracial reception concerns, sentiment of rootlessness (McRoy,498). Adoptees fulfill their interest in different manners and to different degrees. They need to discover â€Å"the parity of both their legacy and culture of their new family†(Cox, 1). Rather than the standard battles over detachment and the foundation of a firm feeling of self and personality, the embraced youngster must battle with the contending and clashing issues of good and terrible guardians, great and awful self, and partition from both ne w parents and pictures of organic guardians. In the event that all appropriations were open, the adoptee would be able to think about the characteristics of every family. He would have a simpler undertaking of shaping a personality for himself, instead of battling with the issues of whom he can relate. In the event that the immature has some data about his introduction to the world guardians, for example, ethnicity, financial status, and religion, the accompanying can occur: From the bits of actuality that they have, received kids create and expand clarifications of their appropriations. Simultaneously, they start to account for themselves, and they battle to build up a firm and practical feeling of what their identity is and who they can become (Horner, 81).It has been demonstrated that if the adoptee has even a limited quantity of data on their introduction to the world guardians and appropriation, personality development will be simpler, than an adoptee that has no data about the conditions of the reception. The new parents can likewise assume a key job in helping in character development of the embraced youthful. The pessimism of new parents about the conditions of the reception, Ap VIcan be detected by the adoptee, accordingly making the adoptee accept that there is a major issue with being embraced, this can cause character development issues ( Adamec, 136). Bhagavad-Gita Essay While numerous explores have reasoned that character development is intrinsically progressively hard for adoptees, some â€Å"recent correlations of received and non-embraced youth have discovered no distinctions in sufficiency of I

HOW TO Check Your YouTube Video Speed

HOW TO Check Your YouTube Video Speed Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!HOW TO: Check Your YouTube SpeedUpdated On 23/04/2017Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : YouTubeShort URL : http://bit.ly/2ozmQmH CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogEarlier we shared a simple tip to load YouTube videos faster, and now youll see how to check your YouTube Speed. Are you thinking your YouTube videos are streaming a little slow? And you are putting the blame on your ISP? Then YouTube Video Speed History is something you should check probably.This data is aggregated from their video servers. All ISP and geographic speed numbers are averages across many types of Internet connectivity. This tool will compare your speed numbers with other users in your region. The chart below shows Video Speed Comparison (May 10, 2011 to Jun 8, 2011).This tool also lists the YouTube speeds of users in your neighborhood who have different ISPs. The test video will show you your streami ng information in real time (look next to Streaming HTTP).So how fast is your YouTube Video Speed? Share your views on the comments below. READCreate Watercolor Effect On Wallpapers

The Involvement of the United States in Vietnam Essays

The Involvement of the United States in Vietnam The single most important factor in understanding the United States involvement in Vietnam is fear. In the years leading to the Vietnam Conflict the United States was immersed in paranoia toward Communist Russia and the communist movement as a whole. This paranoia has its roots in the depression of the nineteen thirties and was fueled by the exploits of men like MacCarthy and other politicians who saw this as an opportunity to further their careers or push policies. This paranoia was the most important factor in the entrance of the US into the conflict in Southeast Asia. During the years proceeding World War II the United States found itself one of the two most powerful nations in†¦show more content†¦In a letter to Stalin from President Roosevelt on February 6, 1945 he wrote: You must believe me when I tell you that our people at home look with a critical eye on what they consider a disagreement between us at this vital stage of the war. They in effect say that if we cannot get a meeting of minds now when our armies are converging on the common enemy, how can we get an understanding on even more vital things in the future. It was the growing mistrust of this relatively new communist nation that led to the eventual fear of a global conflict between the two ideologies. This fear that was beginning to grip the American public was not only due the increasing military threat of the Soviet Union but also for fear of another internal economic crisis. The majority of the American population during this period directly experienced the great depression of the nineteen thirties the prosperity that proceeded it. Now America was in a state of postwar prosperity again and the standard of living had dramatically increased for the majority of the American public over the past twenty years. This rising middle class now saw their improved economic independence being threatened not only from a domestic economic disaster but also from a new outside force, Communism. Communism to the American people was a threat to the American dream, the American way of life, and most important to the basic freedoms and values that th is country wasShow MoreRelatedUnited States Involvement with Vietnam Essay949 Words   |  4 PagesUnited States Involvement with Vietnam Although there are no specific, reasons as to why the USA became increasingly involved in the war, I can name many different reasons and aspects as to why they did. These reasons all link together in some way. These reasons range from long term to short term, and from financial, to political, and finally to full scale war. 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This paper will discuss the United States’ involvement in the Vietnam War, by asking the simple question, Should have the Untied States’ gotten involvedRead MoreEssay on Reasons for United States Involvement in Vietnam1080 Words   |  5 PagesReasons for United States Involvement in Vietnam In this essay I will be writing about why America got involved in the Vietnam War, between the 1950s to the 1960s. This was a steady and slow process with many deaths all because of communism. It was very costly and bloody. This essay will focus on political reasons, military reasons and economy reasons. Firstly the political reasons. The involvement in Vietnam started off with the cold war, when Russia and AmericaRead MoreEssay on United States Involvement in the Vietnam War769 Words   |  4 PagesUnited States Involvement in the Vietnam War There are many reasons for American intervention in Vietnam whether it is political causes, economic causes or military causes. The Americans want to secure capitalism all over the world and get rid of communism. The French used to run Vietnam in a capitalist manner. After the Second World War France attempted to secure and control Vietnam once more. France refused to recognize the democratic republic of Vietnam that hadRead MoreThe United States Involvement During The Vietnam War1729 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States involvement in Vietnam was the longest war the U.S. has ever took part in and was considered an extended military engagement due to the fact congress never formally declared war with Vietnam (FCNL). The Vietnam War began on November 1, 1955 and lasted for 20 years until April 30, 1975. The war was fought between the communist Northern Vietnamese and the anti-communist Southern Vietnamese after the country was temporarily divided by the Geneva Accords. Americas entering of the Vietnam

Stereotype Threat Was First Defined By Steele And Arson As...

Literature Review Stereotype threat was first defined by Steele and Arson as the â€Å"social-psychological threat that occurs when one is in a situation or doing something for which a negative stereotype about one’s group applies. This predicament threatens one with being negatively stereotyped, with being judged or threatened stereotypically, or with the prospect of conforming to the stereotype† (Steele, 1997, p.614). The biggest stereotype when we talk about STEM fields is â€Å"Why so Few [women]?† Then comes the cultural stereotype that boys are innately better than girls at math and sciences, which is inescapable in the U.S. and apparently at the fault. Recent trends in achievements by girls and women compare to their counterparts, as well as years of scientific research, demonstrate that this notion is simply incorrect. Although the number of women still lags behind the number of men in many STEM fields, the reasons for this gap are cultural biases and institutional barrier s that hinder the advancement of women. A myriad of studies in this area has shown that stereotypes about certain groups’ (especially, women and girls) intellectual abilities negatively impact those students’ performance in diagnostic conditions. Stereotype threat is often provisionally demonstrated as producing immediate effects, such as scoring lower on tests of mathematical ability. In addition, Woodcock, Hernandez, Estrada, and Schultz found for women, African American, Latino and other minority students

Discrimination Is Not A New Controversy - 1974 Words

Discrimination in sport is not a new controversy, discrimination in all forms has been happening since the very beginning of physical activity and sport. Some forms of discrimination in sport include sexism, gender stereotyping, homophobia, and racism. All forms of discrimination affect everyone involved in sport, from athletes to coaches, spectators to owners. To fully comprehend the effects of discrimination in sport, we must understand the definition of discrimination. According to Oxford Dictionary, discrimination is defined as the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex (Definition of discrimination). Since the introduction of sport and physical activity, society s perspective and attitudes have changed and have become more accepting of differences in society and sport. Every country, culture, religion, and society has a different view when it comes to norms and what is socially acceptable, especially in terms of discrimination against their own and others population. There has been an increasing amount of acceptance of those who are different, more notably in Canada. Canada is a country of multiculturalism, meaning that their citizens and government accept and celebrate differences in culture, race, ethnicity, religion, and traditions. According to the International Journal of Intercultural Relations, Canada ranks fifth in the world in terms of the largest foreign-born populationShow MoreRelatedAmerican Laws And The Lgbtq Community1407 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Laws and the LGBTQ+ Community â€Å"Discrimination [dih-skrim-uh-ney-shuh n]: treatment or consideration of, or making a distinction in favor of or against, a person or thing based on the group, class, or category to which that person or thing belongs rather than on individual merit.† Right from the dictionary, the definition is clear. Look back 95 years to 1920, where women across America raised their voices and fought back for the right to vote. Now take a look back 48 years ago when in 1967Read MoreEssay about Equal Employment Opportunity1004 Words   |  5 Pagesprohibit discrimination on account of sex in the payment of wages by employers engaged in commerce or in the production of goods for commerce. June 10, 1963 [S. 1409]† (1). In other words, employers cannot pay a woman, who performs the same job as a man, less because of her gender. This act is an amendment to the Fair Labor Standards Act which states that it is illegal to pay workers lower wages strictly on the basis on their sex. B. Civil Rights Act of 1964 â€Å"Prohibits discrimination in employmentRead MoreThe Fight Against Hate1268 Words   |  6 Pageshim or her by discrimination by another group of people. Rep. Darryl Rouson says, â€Å"This bill seeks to protect our weakest† (Homeless could be added). In 2003, 7,489 bias motivated incidents were reported; of those, 51.4% were based on race, 17.9% had to do with religion, 16.6% were because of sexual orientation, 13.7% had to do with ethnicity and 0.4% involved disability (Update: Hate Crime Laws, 3). With 7,489 incidences reported the true amount could be twice as much. Discrimination can happen toRead MoreWomen Should NOT Have Equality Essay1026 Words   |  5 Pagesfeminist supporters believe that the only explanation for this controversy is due to â€Å"†¦gender bias still lingering† (â€Å"Women in U.S. Politics). Recently, women have been able to prove themselves in politics and have upheld top positions such as governors and senators. Senator Hillary Clinton made history, becoming the first woman to win a U.S. presidential primary with her victory in New Hampshire (â€Å"Women in U.S. Politics). Gender discrimination is obviously not the problem. †The real reason for the shortageRead MoreAffirmative Action in the Workplace1282 Words   |  5 PagesAffirmative Action in the Workplace Introduction The Civil Rights Act of 1964 empowered minorities in many different ways, most notably in prohibiting discrimination in the workplace. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act expressly prohibits discrimination in hiring, firing, promotion, pay, benefits and other aspects of employment based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin (U.S. Department of Labor, 2012). This law was seen as a major boon to minorities and women in the workforce whoRead MoreMandatory Retirement Essay examples1379 Words   |  6 PagesMandatory retirement is perhaps a necessary evil; as older employees are forced out of the work force, it creates space for new, younger employees. Mandatory retirement is a form of age discrimination, it forces a person to retire because they are a certain age; it does not take into account if that person wants to retire. It also does not take into account the financial standing of the individual, or if they are physically or mentally still capable of doing the job. Although mandatory retirementRead MoreThe Death Penalty: Multiple Methods of Execution1489 Words   |  6 Pagesevidence might have been proven false, or there was little to nothing proof, and the court couldn’t come to a decision. Although, when DNA evidence was created, proof became easier to present and was more trusted. Unconstitutional? There is major controversy between the phrase from the 8th Amendment â€Å"Cruel and unusual punishment† because some believe that killing someone in any way shape or form is a cruel punishment even if they themselves killed another individual. While others believe with the ideaRead MoreReligious Persecution and Discrimination1220 Words   |  5 PagesDiscrimination is defined as negative attitudes or behavior between people with differences. Frequently, opponents label each other with spiteful words. However religious discrimination can lead to violence. Many times religious discrimination can cause judgment during employment, limited educational opportunities, and restrictive social interaction. Throughout the centuries, Judaism, Catholicism, and Islam have been negatively persecuted by numerous communities. Religious discrimination has impededRead MoreAffirmative Action For African Americans1478 Words   |  6 Pagesof separate but equal. Affirmative Action was only reb orn in 1941. On June 25 of that year President Franklin Roosevelt issued Executive Order 8802. It Oliveira 2 stopped government contractors from employment discrimination. It was the first presidential action against discrimination during employment. One of the main reasons for signing was that no acts or demonstration disrupted the making of weapons for war. It was extended to government contractors and subcontractors two years later. It allRead MoreThe Silencing of Mary Dyer778 Words   |  3 PagesSociety has not changed much since the time of Mary Dyer. Challenges surface left and right to people undeserving. No one should stand down to what they believe in. Today, individuals are faced with much discrimination, but religious discrimination seems to stand out the most. Everyone is left with a choice to make despite what society has to say. Just like Mary Dyer. Mary Dyer was a Quaker. Quakers are a group of people with Christian roots. Quakers believe in equality. They don’t like

Roles of Organization Design and Culture †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Roles of Organization Design and Culture. Answer: Introduction: The main reason behind the actions taken by Zappos is that the psychology behind the willingness to take the organization up for the offer and the management obviously don't have the right sense towards commitment that they usually seem to find (Taylor, 2008). The company is trying to learn that if there is any kind of wrong fit existing between what may appeal a company to what makes a person be part of it and the overall learning. The companies like Lloyds and many other perform audit to evaluate culture of the company and see how the process of merger actually function by developing a culture which is enviable and can also be part of the list of many priorities especially when performance can be defined through results for the company (Burkus, 2011). The culture in an organization is based on determining a huge amount of what actually happens in the company. Activity 4: Toyotas corporate culture and the problem of spreading its culture How would you describe Toyota's culture using the sevendimensions of organisational culture and/ or the Cultural Web? Following is the detailed discussion: - Innovation and risk taker: the company is considered one of the best in adopting innovation wholeheartedly. Focus on detail: the workforce is also motivated to strictly focus on details as well as maintain discipline in implementing the accountabilities (Cameron and Quinn, 2011). Result focussed: the organization focus on delivering the best kind of product and never hesitate a minute to recall it from the market if there is an issue. People focused: the organization give very high importance to the workforce. Teamwork: the management of an organization favours teamwork by providing recognition to the employees at every stage. Aggressive: the organization is highly aggressive in term of delivering the product in high quality. Stable: the decisions taken by the management of recalling vehicles is a challenging step. But the company have effective strategic decisions maker who makes sure that the lost level of stability can be further resorted as soon as possible (Zammuto and O'Connor, 1992). The structure is always considered as the very next stage after forming the strategy and many organizations do not have any right plan for forming the structure unless there is clarity about the steps of generic strategy and what one must follow for the same (Tollman et al., 2011). However, this is not always the case as many companies do not have the right strategy in place right before they take a decision based on the structure and therefore this type of company has the right attention on how the power will be further distributed at many levels. The concept of Holacracy is a structure developed by Brian Robertson to address business management. It can be defined as a new method which administer business and which is provided by removing the power from hierarchical forms, replacing a system of distributing the authority (Bernstein et al., 2016). The basic difference between bureaucracy and holacracy is the delegation of power exist in the first principle. Team-based structure with informal setting doesn't always remove hierarchy. Contingent elements always impact the design of the company like size, technology as well as strategies and the culture of the company. A company like Zappos have been in business for many years and which clearly shows that the company is most probably in the later stage of the business. Following holacracy is an ideal decision for the company since it works efficiently with old companies. Second important point is the size of the business. Selecting a design will lead the management to evaluate the size and how it can be avoided using wrong methods. Zappos is medium size company and to implement holacarcy, a large size firm is needed for top management to deal with groups. Creative culture is associated with art, habits as well as culture. They feature a company, community or the whole country however sustains and motivates innovation for the sake of risk and uncertain decrease innovation culture which is associated with active organization structure (Hitt et al., 2012). It further improves the company by hiring whereby the management is the part of new, skilled as well as a qualified workforce for better performance. Conclusion In the end, it is clear that in the current time, corporate culture strategy is significant. For instance, a number of hours work per day or week or how employees communicate with one another in the workplace or what should be the dress code at work and many more are associated to culture-based corporate strategy (Hitt et al., 2012). With changing time, the organization needs to adapt to change and transform their corporate strategy. Reference Bernstein, E., Bunch, J., Canner, N. and Lee, M., 2016. Beyond the holacracy hype.Harvard business review,94(7), p.13. Burkus, D., 2011. A tale of two cultures: Why culture trumps core values in building ethical organizations.The Journal of Values-Based Leadership,4(1), p.6. Cameron, K.S. and Quinn, R.E., 2011.Diagnosing and changing organizational culture: Based on the competing values framework. John Wiley Sons. Hitt, M.A., Ireland, R.D. and Hoskisson, R.E., 2012.Strategic management cases: competitiveness and globalization. Cengage Learning. Taylor, B., 2008. Why Zappos Pays New Employees to QuitAnd You Should Too.Practically Radical blog, Harvard Business Publishing (May 2008), discussionleader. hbsp. com/taylor/2008/05/wy_zappos_pays_new_ employees_html (accessed 31 July 2008). Tollman, P., Morieux, Y., Murphy, J.K. and Schulze, U., 2011. Identifying RD outliers. Zammuto, R.F. and O'Connor, E.J., 1992. Gaining advanced manufacturing technologies' benefits: The roles of organization design and culture.Academy of Management Review,17(4), pp.701-728.